In addition to mount kilimanjaro, tanzania has large expanses of. Land tenure reforms and investment in tanzania efd. Improved access to and utilization of land and other. Joseph roy alexander chileshe phd thesis, development studies this study explores how land and natural resources in rural communities are accessed, used, and managed in livelihoods.
The land tenure support programme ltsp was established as part of the tanzania g8 land transparency partnership, aimed at supporting a more transparent, efficient and better resourced land sector, in order to ensure that current and future demand for land leads to beneficial and equitable outcomes for tanzania s rural populations, while at the same time continuing to attract and support. Nevertheless, the flexible land tenure act flta was only enacted in. Tanzanias land tenure systems and the resultant implications for land. The tanzania land tenure system has a long historical background as. It is an important factor affecting the present utilization of land in the world and it also serves as a legal instrument through which land reforms can be started or assisted. Land tenure legislation in tanzania one of the main sources for conflict about mining at the local level in tanzania is the unclear regulation of land tenure. This study argues that unclear land and mining rights, and conceptual differences in how land and mining rights are perceived, contribute to considerate.
Rights over the land are under the control and direction of the president of the united republic and those rights cannot be disposed of without the consent of the president. Just prior to independence in 1961, the british colonial government attempted to introduce the concept of freehold land ownership, but the proposal was rejected by tanu, the tanzanian political party that took power when independence was granted. Using cross sectional data obtained from the first wave of the national panel survey data. Land tenure classifications in kenya university of cambridge. Types of land tenure systems in uganda land ownership in. Securing communal land tenure in northern tanzania using. The present system of land tenure accepted since independence, and further. Rapid population growth and rising investment in commercial agriculture increased the. Overall, tanzanias reform differs from the reforms of the past in important ways. Land tenure system makes the ownership of land more secure and permanent, which is very much important for the development of agriculture. The purpose and scope of the proposed tenure reform in the former homelands of south africa are described, as well as the attempts by south africas neighbours to resolve tenure problems in the. Census counts millions 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1967 1978 1988 2002 2007 source tanzania 2003, 2008a tanzania is urbanizing very rapidly. This study consequently aims at investigating womens access to land through customary land tenure in the makete district in tanzania. Land tenure reforms and investment in tanzania efd initiative.
Dai works on the frontlines of international development. Are land owners secured in tanzania lawbay advocates. Social structure of a country is also influenced by the land tenure system. Some of the root causes of this situation are related to existing land tenure and land conflicts in many countries. Land tenure reforms and investment in tanzania download reference. Tanzaniafeed the future tanzania land tenure assistance lta. Since colonial times and up to today, all land in tanzania has been under. The effects of land titling in tanzania unuwider united nations. Congress established the eastwest center in 1960 to foster mutual understanding and cooperation among the governments and peoples of the asia pacific region including the united states. Tanzania land policy came into existence in the 1990s to ensure a secure land tenure system, and to promote the optimal use of land resources and social economic development. Land acquired through this means can be used for any means. This policy represents a new turningpoint in the development of tanzania. Ministry of energy and mineral together with 110 other files. If the land distribution pattern in a country is skewed or uneven then it paves the way for.
For these reasons, land rights and in particular tenure over communal grazing areas have been a major concern and are the subject of much organized policy engagement and advocacy throughout tanzanias modern history. Thus, land tenure means a kind of system of land ownership or holding the land. Types of land tenure systems in uganda land ownership in uganda. Interrogating the tenure security discourse paper for the ifad mlwe unops workshop on land tenure security. In particular it examines first, crop field tenure, and livelihoods in natural resources. The topic of land has long been, and continues to be, central to the lives of most africans, and to the politics and economies of african countries. Kinywanganga is the first village to receive assistance as part of the feed the future land tenure assistance project, funded by usaid. Tanzaniafeed the future tanzania land tenure assistance. Land tenure system in the northern nigeria in the northern nigeria in particular before the land use act, 1978 all land in the region with only minors exceptions, were declared native lands and were vested in the commissioner responsible for land matters as trustee for the people of that region 1 1. Land tenure and economic development in rural south africa. It was commissioned by the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao to. Lessons of experience and emerging issues lorenzo cotula, camilla toulmin and ced hesse february 2004 copies of this publication can be obtained from. Tanzanias property rights and resource governance systems have been in flux for more than 50 years. Both male and female can acquire land provided the price is paid.
The increased urbanisation and tenure insecurity to indigenous people caused the development of the flexible land tenure system in the midnineteen nineties. Improved access to and utilization of land and other natural resources, and better conflict handling systems are therefore important for increasing economic growth and reducing poverty. Land tenure is the system of legal rights and obligations governing the holding, acquisition, use, and disposal of land. Wildlife management and village land tenure in northern tanzania fred nelson march 2005 tnrf occasional paper no. Wildlife management and village land tenure in northern. Land tenure issues in agricultural investment e 5 executive summary this report discusses the land tenure issues raised by agricultural investments in lower and middleincome countries. Customary tenure, governance, uniformity of titling summary this paper argues for the need to adopt a uniform land titling system that does away with the customary land holding system in tanzania and possibly other african countries.
Introduction tanzania is a relatively new mining country. This type of land tenure system is also detrimental to agricultural production given that the creditor my not want to farm on the land since the debtor can reclaim it at any time. Land is a basic resource from which all human beings and other living creatures depend upon their survival. There are many different types of land tenure, including private and public ownership, and each type of land tenure comes with a bundle of rights for the use and disposition of the property.
The main economic activities are based on the primary sector, predominantly agriculture7 which is both a source of food as well as a revenue earner. Land tenure is another phrase for land ownership, frequently used outside of the united states. Village land titling in tanzania, 20082017 background in the early 2000s, tanzania struggled to protect the land rights of the 75% of its citizens who lived in rural areas. Tanzanias property rights and resource governance systems have been in. Assessing the impact of customary land rights registration on. This is a land pledged for money and can be reclaimed by the owner on repayment of the loan. The flexible land tenure system flts is an innovative concept to provide affordable security of tenure to inhabitants in informal settlements in namibia the basic idea of the flexible land tenure system is to establish an interchangeable tenure registration system parallel and complementary to the current formal system of freehold tenure. Because of the central importance of land to the livelihoods, food security and social identity of many people, landbased investments raise particularly urgent land tenure issues. Lands has currently land information retrieval systems within it such as the. Challenges of land tenure and reform in africa or a short summary of major issues that need to be addressed. This paper describes the rich history of zambian land tenure systems and discusses the present land tenure system.
While tanzanias legal framework provides clear land tenure protections for men and women alike, villagelevel land tenure is frequently not secure and is often susceptible to outside interests. Pdf land tenure and mining in tanzania researchgate. The land tenure support programme ltsp was established as part of the tanzaniag8 land transparency partnership, aimed at supporting a more transparent, efficient and better resourced land sector, in order to ensure that current and future demand for land leads to beneficial and equitable outcomes for tanzanias rural populations, while at the same time continuing to attract and support. In 1999, tanzania enacted the village land act and the land act which recognize customary tenure and empower village governments to manage village land. It should be noted that, this network system had already been done in the other. Nonetheless, clarifying and then administering land tenure is a complicated issue that presents a challenge for many countries. Pdf customary land tenure system in tanzania felician.
Land can either be owned in perpetuity or for a given period of time. The security of land tenure for holders of right of occupancy in tanzania under the land policy 1995 and the land act of 1999 is assured. In all these cases, tenure security, sustainable economic opportunities and good governance are the components that tenure reform should aim to deliver. The feed the future land tenure assistance project will support approximately 41 communities and local government authorities in the iringa and mbeya districts to clarify, document, and certify land ownership. Review of land tenure systems to support the creation of an enabling. This is a system whereby a person pays a certain sum of money for the right of ownership of a piece of land. Meeting on land tenure systems and sustainable development in southern africa held 1 3 october 2003, in lusaka, zambia, and their comments have been incorporated into this report. These laws are a marked departure from the land ordinance of 1923, yet many villagers and communities still do not have security in their customary land.
Dec 27, 2018 land tenure is another phrase for land ownership, frequently used outside of the united states. The effects of existing land tenure systems on land use in kenya today international conference on spatial information for sustainable development nairobi, kenya 25 october 2001 3 land tenure systems in kenya interests in land broadly fall into two groups. The land tenure system is based on multiple land regimes all existing side by side. Tanzaniafeed the future tanzania land tenure assistance lta dai, an international development company. The land in many villages is typically not mapped, demarcated according to use, or registeredand there is significant disparity in how investors. Tanzania is among the most undeveloped nations in the world, where gender inequalities with respect to accessing land are central problems. In tanzania over 80% of population who living in rural areas depend entirely on land through farming, livestock keeping, mining, fishing, hunting and gathering, or doing varieties of related. Kenya lacks major exploitable mineral resources and arable land is scarce. Historical context of land tenure system history essay. The specific objectives of the policy are discussed in a previous article and. There are various types of land tenure systems in uganda under under which citizens and foreigners can buy land, own and utilize it.
Land tenure systems and agricultural production in malawi. Tanzania is a relatively new mining country, and mining has become a hotly debated issue in the country. The land in many villages is typically not mapped, demarcated according to use, or registeredand there is significant disparity in how investors access land in tanzania. Similarly uganda, despite its traumatic political history, has stuck to the same tenure regime. Land tenure reforms and investment in tanzania, in partial fulfillment for the degree of masters of arts economics of the university of dar es salaam.