Mcb 104 genetics genomic and cell biology genome sequencing and assembly and annotation. There is also an optional page for older students to write a paragraph to describe the events. Inside the washington university genome sequencing center is aimed at increasing the scientific literacy of biology students in the technology of genomic sequencing. The human genome project, am scientist 76, 488493, 1988, and renate dulbecco 1986, president of the salk institute. This tutorial describes the principles of dna sequencing and sequence assembly, and shows how they apply to. A guided tour of the washington university genome sequencing center, providing a. Another front is now opening with whole genome sequencing for direct patient care. Sanger sequencing widely used up through 2006 or 2007, including for the human genome project. The paper modeling and worksheet require one 50minute class.
Whole genome sequencing wgs is simply the sequencing of the entire genome of an organism at one time 1. Dna sequencing this flash animation shows the processes involved in the sanger sequencing method the dna sequencing method used during the human genome project. We focus on the opportunities, but also challenges that researchers are facing. This book, dna sequencing methods and applications illustrates methods of dna sequencing and its application in plant, animal and medical sciences. The following four video pieces are included on vhs cassette or cd. In cancer, for example, physicians are increasingly able to use sequence data to identify the particular type of cancer a patient has. Used as a way to guess how much sequencing you need to do for a given technology and genome size. Paper pcr project outline the multimedia project sequencing a genome. Sequencing the human genome has helped researchers to identify important genes and genetic sequences, to better understand their role in disease, and to investigate our origins using variations in the dna sequence. Although two different dna sequencing methods have been developed during the same period, sangers dideoxy chaintermination sequencing method has. Elsi challenges in the latter are many, particularly with reference to the data sets generated and how they will be used for patient care.
Partly because ofthe obvious need for improved technology andalsobecauseofadesireto maximize synergy between genome analysis and studies ofbiological function, the committee recommended against early emphasis on largescale sequencing of human dna. Color and cut out the pictures of a child building a snowman. The human genome project and the bases found in dna will factor into your. Dna sequencing fact sheet nhgri national human genome. Dna sequencing worksheet 20 pts, group assignment one of the goals of our dna sequencing exercise, along with giving you firsthand experience in how it is done and how the data is manipulated, is to demonstrate the concept that phenotype can be inferred by genotype. Whole genome sequencing is a key driver for many medical research projects in cancer and complex genetic disorders. The instructions with the computer symbol on the left indicate that. A always partners with t and c always joins up with g. From signal to sequence project outline the multimedia project sequencing a genome. These attributes support sequencing of complex genomes and comprehensive characterization of the widest range of structural variants. The whole genome sequencing wgs process wgs is a laboratory procedure that determines the order of bases in the genome of an organism in one process. Landerwaterman statistics estimate the number of islands you will get for a given coverage. The first one includes 2 chapters devoted to the dna sequencing methods and the second one includes 6 chapters focusing on various applications of this. Make five copies of the student worksheets and five copies of both template sheets.
Human genome project c tatgcecta what i the human genome pro. The idea is to pepper the dna with sequence reads such that they overlap, and when assembled, yield the complete sequence of the clone. The human genome is the term used to describe the dna content of the cell, and this quizworksheet combo will help you test yourself on the concept of the genome and a. Automated dna sequencing yields sequences of 500 to.
An introduction to nextgeneration sequencing technology. Sanger sequencing is expensive and nextgeneration sequencing ngs technology took its place. Dec 18, 2015 although routine dna sequencing in the doctors office is still many years away, some large medical centers have begun to use sequencing to detect and treat some diseases. A chemical cleavage method maxam and gilbert, 1977 basespecific cleavage of dna by certain chemicals four different chemicals, one for each base a set of dna fragments of different sizes dna fragments contain up to 500 nucleotides b enzymatic method sanger, 1981 sequencing methods. The whole genome shotgun approach was first proposed by craig venter and colleagues as a means of speeding up the acquisition of contiguous sequence data for large genomes such as the human genome and those of other eukaryotes venter et al. Whole genome sequencing is ostensibly the process of determining the complete dna sequence of an organisms genome at a single time. We want the sequence to be reliable no errors and contiguous no breaks. Unlocking lifes code celebrates the 10th anniversary of the human genome projects landmark achievementthe first complete sequencing of the human genetic code. Sample preparation for whole genome sequencing at a glance cebased sanger sequencing nextgeneration sequencing library preparation more involvedeach sample must.
Sequencing dna is the process of determining the exact order of the nucleotide bases a, t, c, g that make up a particular stretch of dna. A comparison with dna sequences in the ncbi blast database your sequence is similar to. To help dna stick tightly together the bases match up in pairs. In this worksheet you are going to use your dna sequence data to infer i. Recent advances in the development of sequencing technologies provide researchers with unprecedented possibilities for genetic analyses. Because the information presented in the student manual may be difficult for the. The modern dna sequencing technology used in genome sequencing projects is a fusion of three significant biotechnological breakthroughs 1 the chain termination method of sequencing developed by fred sanger in 1977, 2 the pcr technique developed by kary. Aug 29, 2018 this resource is designed for the new aqa gcse grade 19 biology specification. Children of grade 4 and grade 5 will be happy to arrange and write in order, the steps of having their favorite cereal for breakfast and also describing the process stepbystep, in this sequencing worksheet pdf. Principals of a genome project for a species identify the reference line o typically the line has been used historically in genetic research o or, a resource is available for the line clone library mutant lines mapping parent isolate high quality dna. This difference occurs because the sequence of a, t, c, and g vary from one molecule or gene to another.
High throughput sequencing method that employs automated sequencing of random dna fragments. The materials are from mark blaxters lecture notes on sequencing strategies and primary analysis genome sequencing overview the goal. Jan, 2020 posts about pdf worksheets written by cassie jewell. Dna has two strands that wrap around each other in a shape called a double helix. The spiral shape lets dna wind itself up tight and small. Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with human genome, the chimpanzee genome sequencing and analysis consortium, nature, august 2005 k a k s humanchimpanzee 0. Break your genome up into many different small fragments, clone those fragments into a cloning vector, isolate many clones, and. The original method of sanger sequencing and multiple improvements regarding chemistry and computation lead to complete sequencing of the 3 billion basepairs containing human genome and many others. Discover how comparing dna sequence differences in the genome of humans.
A guided tour of the washington university genome sequencing center, providing a look at the labs and. A national research council nrc committee was asked, in september 1986, to determine whether the human genome project i. Whole genome sequencing wgs pulsenet methods pulsenet. For part i of the sequencing simulation, divide the students into five groups.
The purpose may be to determine the genome sequence of a previously unsequenced species to extend evolutionary biology studies or to look for. Whole genome sequencing is a fast and affordable way to obtain highlevel information about the bacteria using just one test. In this unit, the students will read about the components of dye terminator. Genome sequencing phil mcclean september, 2005 the concept of genome sequencing is quite simple. Advances in technology, which started in the 1990s, led to a revolution in genomic research that resulted in the complete sequencing of the human genome in 2003. Direct students to follow the instructions on their worksheets. This uses cloning and sequencing of fragments of randomly cut dna followed by assembly into a single continuous sequence. This quiz and worksheet will assess what you know about dna sequencing and the human genome.
Shotgun sequencing to sequence a clone longer than the average read length, it is possible to use a shotgun approach. A guided tour of the washington university genome sequencing center. Today, the whole genome shotgun approach is widely used, though newer techniques are contributing to the faster pace and lowered cost of genome sequencing. The background reading, paper modeling, and worksheet require 50 minutes to complete. Genomic sequencing illumina sequencing offers an unparalleled combination of read lengths, read depth, and pairedend insert size ranges. The human genome project aimed to sequence the entire human genome and provide the data free to. Each dna molecule has a unique structure that makes it different from other dna molecules or genes. Aatt aa ggllaannccee what is a genome types of genomes what is genomics how is genomics different from genetics types of genomics genome sequencing milestones in genomic sequencing technical foundations of genomics steps of genome sequencing dna sequencing approaches hierarchical shotgun sequencing markers used in mapping large. Everything you need is within the powerpoint just print the worksheets from there, but ive also included the activities as pdf files in case you prefer to print from individual files.